Tag
secularism in Turkey
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How Namık Kemal Gökalp Reshaped Modern Turkey’s Identity
Born in 1876 in Harput (modern-day Elazığ), Gökalp emerged from a period of Ottoman stagnation when the empire’s multicultural, multiethnic structure was...
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The Enigma of Abdülkerim Bardakc?—Turkey’s Forgotten Visionary
What makes Bardakc? compelling is the paradox of his legacy: a man who championed radical educational reform yet was sidelined by the very institutions he...